The FactSage FSlead lead alloy database
TO OBTAIN :
- A LIST OF all the unary, binary AND ternary SYSTEMS WHICH HAVE BEEN ASSESSED
- A LIST OF ALL ASSESSED phases IN EACH OF THE SYSTEMS
- A CALCULATED PHASE DIAGRAM FOR EACH OF THE LISTED BINARY SYSTEMS
- ASSiSTANCE WITH PHASE SELECTION
CLICK ON “List of optimized systems and calculated binary phase diagrams.”.
The FactSage FSlead alloy database is directed primarily to the liquid state of lead-rich alloys, for which a large amount of assessed thermodynamic data is already available. It is based on relevant sub-systems from the old SGTE Solution Database, but now incorporating updates of those systems as well as many new published assessments. In particular, the assessed information contained in Dessureault ’s thesis [1] for the liquid phase of Pb-rich ternary systems has also been incorporated and a few new assessments have been carried out as part of the present work.
While the optimized thermodynamic parameters contained in FSlead are intended primarily to provide a sound basis for calculations relating to lead production and refining, lead-rich solid phases are also included in the database. This makes possible the calculation of liquidus temperatures and solidification characteristics relevant to the casting of certain lead-rich alloys, although, because of the more limited amount of assessed data for solid ternary and higher-order phases available, the results should be treated with caution.
Please note that the FSlead database is a self-consistently evaluated database designed to be used independently of any other. Considerable caution must be exercised if it is used in conjunction with other FactSage databases.
The elements included as alloying components of lead are:
Ag, Al, As, Au, Bi, C, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Ga, Ge, Hg, In,
Mn, Ni, O, Pd, S, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Te, Tl, Zn, Zr
With the exception of Pb-Fe, Pb-Mn, Pb-S, Pb-Se, and Pb-Sr, the lead-containing binary systems are described over all ranges of composition and temperature, i.e. the assessed data provide a good description of the complete phase diagram and thermodynamic properties for the binary alloy system concerned.
Specific information on each alloy system can be obtained from the list of references supplied further below.
[1] Y.Dessureault, Ph.D.Thesis, Ecole Polytech., Univ.Montreal, Nov.1993.
As mentioned above, the database is intended primarily for calculations relating to
Pb-rich liquid alloys. However, some uses may involve relatively large concentrations of the alloying elements present. For this reason, the majority of the assessed binary systems in the LEAD alloy database are described over the entire composition range of the alloys involved.
Ternary interaction parameters have been assessed for only a few Pb-rich Pb-A-B ternary systems. The number of such assessed parameters is particularly limited in the case of solid phases. Many other ternary interactions in Pb-rich Cu-A-B solutions are estimated, using the appropriate models, from the assessed binary parameters for Pb-free A-B phases. Note that calculation of phase boundaries in higher-order systems may give very unreliable results when the ternary interaction parameters for the solid solutions are estimated by combination of such binary parameters.
The database is generally valid for the approximate temperature range from room temperature to 1500 C.
In the assessments, the liquid phase has been described using a simple polynomial expression. The fcc Pb-rich phase has been described as a substitutional solid solution and several non-stoichiometric intermetallic phases have been described using a sublattice model.
Pb-Ag Pb-Al Pb-As Pb-Au Pb-Bi Pb-C Pb-Ca Pb-Cd Pb-Cu Pb-Fe
Pb-Ga Pb-Ge Pb-Hg Pb-In Pb-Mn Pb-Ni Pb-O Pb-Pd Pb-S Pb-Sb
Pb-Se Pb-Si Pb-Sn Pb-Sr Pb-Zn Pb-Zr
(assessed parameters for certain phases only – click on “List of optimized systems and calculated binary phase diagrams” for details.)
Pb-Ag-As Pb-Ag-Au Pb-Ag-Bi Pb-Ag-Cu Pb-Ag-S Pb-Ag-Sb Pb-Ag-Sn
Pb-Ag-Zn Pb-As-Cu Pb-As-Fe Pb-As-Sn Pb-As-Zn Pb-Au-Bi Pb-Au-Cu
Pb-Au-In Pb-Au-S Pb-Au-Zn Pb-Bi-Cu Pb-Bi-Fe Pb-Bi-S Pb-Bi-Sn
Pb-Bi-Zn Pb-Cu-S Pb-Cu-Sb Pb-Cu-Sn Pb-Cu-Zn Pb-Fe-S Pb-Fe-Sb
Pb-S-Sb Pb-S-Sn Pb-S-Zn Pb-Sb-Zn Pb-Sn-Zn
Other assessed binary interaction parameters from which ternary interactions in Pb-rich systems are estimated (assessed parameters for certain phases only – click on “List of optimized systems and calculated binary phase diagrams” for details.)
Au-In Au-Sn Au-Tl Au-Zn Bi-Cu Bi-Fe Bi-In Bi-Sb Bi-Si Bi-Sn
Bi-Tl Bi-Zn Cu-Fe Cu-Sb Cu-Sn Cu-Tl Cu-Zn Fe-Sb Fe-Zn Ge-Tl
Sb-Zn Sn-Zn
References
Pure Element Data
A.T.Dinsdale, SGTE Data for Pure Elements, Calphad 15 (1991) 317-425
Pb-Ag: H.L.Lukas, unpublished work, 1998; based on Zimmermann's thesis work.
Pb-Al: S.K.Yu, F.Sommer, B.Predel, Z.Metallkde. 87 (1996) 574-580.
Pb-As: Data supplied by M.Hamalainen (ca.1993), but corrected for SGTE lattice stabilities.
Pb-Au: J.P.Nabot, Thesis, Grenoble 1986.
Pb-Bi: D.Boa, I.Ansara, Thermochimica Acta 314 (1998) 79-86.
Pb-C: T.Chart, NPL, unpublished work (1987)
Pb-Ca: V.P.Itkin and C.B.Alcock, J. Phase Equilib. 1992, pp.162-169.
Pb-Cd: Bhansali and Mallik, CALPHAD, 11 (1987) 117.
Pb-Cu: I.Ansara, 1999.
Pb-Fe: A.T.Dinsdale, D.D.Gohil, NPL, unpublished work 1987.
Pb-Ga: I.Ansara, F.Ajersch, J. Phase Equilibria 12 (1991) 73-77.
Pb-Ge: P.Y.Chevalier, Thermochimica Acta 155 (1989) 227-240.
Pb-Hg: SGTE update 1998.
Pb-In: D.Boa, I.Ansara, Thermochimica Acta 314 (1998) 79-86.
Pb-Mn: P.J.Spencer, 2002.
Pb-Ni: SGTE Solution Database, A.T.Dinsdale, 2003.
Pb-O: P.J.Spencer, 2002.
Pb-Pd: G.Ghosh, from Metall. Trans. 30A (1999) 5-18.
Pb-S: P.J.Spencer, 2002.
Pb-Sb: H.Ohtani, K.Okuda, K.Ishida, J. Phase Equilibria 16 (1995) 416-429.
Pb-Se: P.J.Spencer, 2002.
Pb-Si: R.W.Olesinski, G.J.Abbaschian, Bull.Alloy Phase Diags. 5 (1984) 271-273;
unassessed parameter inserted by ATD to make this phase less stable
Pb-Sn: H.Ohtani, K.Okuda, K.Ishida, J.Phase Equilibria 16 (1995) 416-429.
Pb-Sr: P.J.Spencer, 2002.
Pb-Tl: SGTE Solution Database, A.T.Dinsdale, 2003.
Pb-Zn: T.Jantzen, P.J.Spencer, Calphad 22 (1998) 417-434.
Pb-Zr: SGTE Solution Database, A.T.Dinsdale, 2003.
(assessed parameters for certain phases only – click on “List of optimized systems and calculated binary phase diagrams” for details.)
Ternary interaction parameters for the following systems have been derived using the
summarized information contained in the Ph.D thesis of Y.Dessureault, Ecole
Polytechnique, University of Montreal, November, 1993.
Pb-Ag-As Pb-As-Zn Pb-Cu-S
Pb-Ag-Au Pb-Au-Bi Pb-Cu-Sb
Pb-Ag-Bi Pb-Au-S Pb-Cu-Sn
Pb-Ag-S Pb-Au-Sn Pb-Fe-S
Pb-Ag-Sb Pb-Au-Zn Pb-Fe-Sb
Pb-Ag-Sn Pb-Bi-Cu Pb-S-Sb
Pb-Ag-Zn Pb-Bi-Fe Pb-S-Sn
Pb-As-Cu Pb-Bi-S Pb-S-Zn
Pb-As-Fe Pb-Bi-Sn Pb-Sb-Zn
Pb-As-Sn Pb-Bi-Zn
Ternary interaction parameters for other Pb-contianing systems are from the following publications:
Pb-Ag-Cu: F.H.Hayes, H.L.Lukas, G.Effenberg, G.Petzow, Z. Metallkde, 77 (1986) 749-754.
Pb-Au-In: J.P.Nabot, Thesis, Grenoble 1986.
Pb-Cu-Zn: T.Jantzen, P.J.Spencer, CALPHAD 22 (1998) 417-434.
Pb-Sn-Zn: T.Jantzen, P.J.Spencer, CALPHAD 22 (1998) 417-434.
(assessed parameters for certain phases only – click on “List of optimized systems and calculated binary phase diagrams” for details.)
Ag-Au: M. Hassam, J. Agren, M.Gaune-Escard, J.P.Bros, Met.Trans. 21A (1990) 1877-1884.
Ag-Bi: H.L. Lukas, unpublished work, (1998), based on Zimmermann's original work.
Ag-Cu: Unpublished update by F.H. Hayes using unaries of A.T. Dinsdale, from:
F.H.Hayes, H.L.Lukas, G.Effenberg, G.Petzow, Z. Metallkde. 77 (1986) 749-754.
Ag-Sn: Oh, Shim, Lee and Lee, J. Alloys Compounds, 238 (1996) 155-66; Data for fcc phase
modified by A.T.Dinsdale due to change in fcc Sn unary data.
Au-In: I. Ansara, J.P. Nabot, Thermochimica Acta 129 (1999) 89-97.
Au-Sn: Based on P.Y. Chevalier, Thermochimica Acta 130 (1988) 1-13: Modification of
interaction params. by A.T,Dinsdale (April, 1998) due to changes in fcc and hcp Sn
Au-Tl: P.Y. Chevalier, Thermochimica Acta 155 (1989) 211-225.
Au-Zn: P.J. Spencer, 1995. (Crude description of Au-rich phase equilibria, but based on
experimental thermodynamic data).
Bi-Cu: O.Teppo, J.Niemela, P.Taskinen, Report TKK-V-B50, Helsinki Univ.Tech., 1989.
Bi-Fe: T. Jantzen, GTT optimisation, 2003.
Bi-In: D.Boa, I.Ansara, Thermochimica Acta 314 (1998) 79-86.
Bi-Sb: H.Ohtani, K.Ishida, J.Electronic Mater. 23 (1994) 747-755.
Bi-Si: R.W.Olesinski, G.J.Abbaschian, Bull.Alloy Phase Diags. 6 (1985) 359-361.
Bi-Sn: H.Ohtani, K.Ishida, J.Electronic Mater. 23 (1994) 747-755.
Bi-Tl: SGTE, 2004.
Bi-Zn: C Girard, Thesis (Marseille 1985)
Cu-Fe: I.Ansara, A.Jansson, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p.165-167
Cu-Sb: SGTE Solution Database, 2004.
Cu-Sn : J.H.Shim, C.S.Oh, B.J.Lee, D.N.Lee, Z.Metallkde. 87 (1996) 205-212
Cu-Tl: P.Y.Chevalier, Thermochimica Acta 156 (1989) 383-392
Cu-Zn: M.Kowalski, P.J.Spencer, J.Phase Equilibria 14 (1993) 432-438
Fe-Sb: K. Hack, GTT, 2003.
Fe-Zn: SGTE Solution Database, 2004.
Ge-Tl: P Y Chevalier, Thermochimica Acta 155 (1989) p 227-240
Sb-Zn: L.A.Zabdyr, Calphad 21 (1997) 349-358.
Sn-Zn: S.Fries, H.L.Lukas, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8 p 288-289.